Suchergebnisse

У статті доведено необхідність вивчення світового досвіду диверсифікації фінансування університетських досліджень і розробок. Висвітлено проблеми української науки в складних військових і економічних умовах, коли недолік бюджетного фінансування та небажання приватного бізнесу інвестувати в наукові дослідження призвели до згортання довгострокових перспективних досліджень. Особливу увагу приділено системі грантового фінансування наукових проектів США. Показано, що грантова підтримка науки, як особливий фінансовий механізм, отримала значне поширення у світі та найбільшою мірою в Сполучених Штатах Америки. ; The paper reveals the problems of the Ukrainian science in the complex of military and economic conditions, as the lack of budget funds and unwillingness of private business to invest in scientific researches. It has resulted in drastic reduction of costs on the equipment and materials and cutting down of the long-term prospective researches. The necessity of studying international experience as far as diversification of university researches and elaborations funding is concerned, is emphasized. Particular attention is paid to the grant financing system of scientific projects in the USA. It is proved that science grant support, as a special financial mechanism, has obtained a widespread prevalence all over the world and to a greatest extent in the United States. The factors of grant applications successful writing are systematized. Interdependence of the gained by a scholar quantity of grants and its own reputation in the scientific community is defined. The Arrangement of the National Science Foundation (National Science Foundation – NSF) grant system is analyzed. The policy, guiding principles and working technology of the expert panel NSF, as well as customary for the United States technologies of grant support; activity and tasks of the cross-agency Grants.gov and its collaboration with other federal agencies, are summarized in the table; the working technologies of the widely known in the USA expert organization Research Associates that assists the researchers in grant management by undertaking a major part of the bureaucratic and formal procedures are highlighted. The paper reflects the activity of such intelligent web solutions as SciVal Funding, Research Professional and Reviewer finder that accomplish the search of possible funding for a number of key spheres: country, branch of knowledge, a type of funding, a type of a sponsor, deadline applications. The essential principles of the USA grant system such as exceptional transparency in grants allocation, participation of the leading scientists of the country in research funds management, focus on enterprising scientific researches (contrary to the priority programs) are determined.

У статті проаналізовано досвід адміністраторів наукової діяльності університетів США з формування професійних асоціацій. Виявлено цільові пріоритети та охарактеризовано структурні й функціональні особливості діяльності асоціацій досліджуваної спрямованості, здійснено спробу типологізації асоціацій університетських адміністраторів за такими критеріями, як професійна належність членів громади, територіальні межі діяльності організації, функціональні особливості її діяльності. Схарактеризовано особливості функціонування професійної громади адміністраторів наукової діяльності як відкритої системи. ; In the article the experience of US university research administrators (URA) on the development of professional associations is analyzed. It is stated that the external determinants of URA community development are the US global leadership in R&D and the increase of universities participation in the development of global and national innovation ecosystem. Internal determinants of the process under study are the need for effective management of university research activities, including research grant programs and development of institutional innovation ecosystem. The author has determined that the main stakeholders of formation of professional communities under study are: society, the state, business, university (namely – research administrators), experts and researchers. The principles of the URA association are free access, collegiality, partnership, cooperation, transparency, research integrity, interactivity, high quality and efficiency. The typology of associations of university administrators on such criteria as professional affiliation of the community, the territorial boundaries of the organization activities, functional peculiarities of the activities is done. The content of associations' activities is outlined. It includes the implementation of professional development of URA and expert community; licensing, accreditation, certification of programs and personnel; consultations of the wide range of experts, namely: lawyers, economists, financiers, grantwriters and others; discussions on topical issues of professional activities, cooperation in finding solutions to the problems of effective representation of the interests of university research in governmental bodies; installation, maintenance, expansion of relationships with donors and sponsors or research programs; presentation of current problems and achievements of university research in the media and social networks; support and development of networking of URA and expert community by professional interests. In conclusion the author has determined some conditions of effective development of URA professional community.